JPRS 81745
10 September 1982
Worldwide Report
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
No. 368
[FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
JPRS 81745
10 September 1982
WORLDWIDE REPORT
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
No. 368
CONTENTS
ASIA
AUSTRALIA
Proposed Staff Cuts in NSW Environmental Body Assessed (Joseph Glascott; THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD, 17 Jul 82) ..... l
Federal Government To Retain Control of Air Pollution Station (Jane Ford; THE AUSTRALIAN, 19 Jul 82) ....... cece cece eccees 3
WA Environmental Impact Study Program Costs Millions (THE WEST AUSTRALIAN, 12 Jul 82) .....ccccccccccccccesesceses 4
Growth of New Industry, by Janet Wainwright Power of EPA
State Pays Growers for Destroying Apple Trees
(Michael Zekulich; THE WEST AUSTRALIAN, 17 Jul 82)........... 6 Du Pont Ammonium Nitrate Plant Meets Resistance
(Ian Bushnell; THE COURIER-MAIL, 13 Jul 82) ... ccc ccc eceeeee 7 NSW Antipollution Laws Raise 0il Company Objections
(THE AUSTRALIAN, 5 Jul 82) ... cc cccccscccccscsccccseseseceses 4 Briefs
Environmental Watchdog Group 10
Alp Dam Position 10
Volcanic Ash Dispersal 11
EPA Shift in Victoria 1]
Reforestation Program 11
-~a- (III - WW - 139]
LATIN AMERICA CUBA
Improvements in Lobster Harvest Since 1978 Noted CHAR FT PESCA, Amr 62) .cccowctcceevsscccccccccseesecese. 12
NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Briefs Afforestation Project Progressing 14
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA BOTSWANA
Shashe Dam To Supply Water to Francistown
(Solomon Lotshe; DAILY NEWS, 15 Jul 82) ........c cee eeees 15 Drought Relief Projects Approved
(Tarcisius Modongo; DAILY NEWS, 15 Jul 82) ............05. 16 Briefs
Ditlharapeng Water Shortage 17
Makaleng Hit by Thirst 17
Bobirwa Drought Relief 18
ETHIOPIA
Forest Development Gains Momentum in Tigrai
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 19 Aug 82) .......cccceccceveccenrs 19 Lriefs Seven Million Tree Seedlings 20 NAMIBIA Briefs Clouds ‘Milked' 21 NICERIA Briefs Desert Encroachment Causes Migration 22
SOUTH AFRICA
Northern Transvaal Ravaged by Drought (Pamela Kleinot; THE STAR, 4 Aug 82) ......ceeeeeeeceeceees 23
- b-=-
Fears of Ruin as Drought Grips Natal Reported (Tim Clarke; THE CITIZEN, 17 Aug 82) ............cccceees 25
SWAZILAND
Water Imported From Neighboring Countries
(Donny Nxumalo; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 10 Aug 82)....... 26 WFP Aid To Drought-Striken Families Reported (James Dlamini; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 9 Aug 82)........ 27 SYRIA Pollution Study in Homs (Rasim al-Wa'ri; AL-THAWRAH, 17 Jul 82)...........eeee00- 29 ZIMBABWE Minister Reassures People on Drought CTE SUNDAY MAIL, 22 Ang G2) 2. cocccvevcccsccvcccssccess 32 Government To Establish Village Water Supply Centers (THE MERALD, 4 Aug 82) 20 ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccces 34 Squatters Flock to Chinamhora Water Project CTHE WERALD, 7 Ang 82) nccccccccccccccccccccccccccccscces 35 Pakistani Aid for Drought-Stricken Communal Lands Reported CT WRRALD, 16 Bite G2) 666506006 06006505066504060000080 36 2 Shumba Irrigation Scheme, Power Systems Reported (THE WPRALD, 7 Aug G2) 2 cosccccccccccccccccssccccccccese 37 Briefs Drought Disaster Averted iB Drought Aid 38 WEST EUROPF FINLAND
Find of Illegally-Dumped Chemicals Off Turku Causes Concern (HELSINGIN SANOMAT, 25 Jul 82) 2. ccccccccccccccccesceeees 39
Search for More Barrels, by Harri Nykanen Hazardous Waste Disposal Problem in Many Areas, by Sauli Korpimo
EDF To Study Power Plant Impact on Environment CLE BATIN, © Am 2) ccccccccccsccescvessccccosscescecss 49
GREECE
Scientists Charge Pollution Data Altered CRLEVIMEROTVPIA., Z Jal G2) ccccscevccccesesccssccedewses 51
Commentary on Pollution Causes (Editorial; ELEVTHEROS KOSMOS, 24 Jun 82)........seee0e. 53
PROPOSED STAFF CUTS IN NSW ENVIRONMENTAL BODY ASSESSED
Sydney THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD in English 17 Jul 82 p 3
[Article by Joseph Glascott ]
- ,. l ,@xct }
Cuts in staff in the envir- onment protection division of the Environment and Pianning Mepartment could delay assessment of envir- onmenta! impact statements for major coal and industrial
projects, conservation groups claimed yesterday.
The groups fear that the cuts will weaken the effectiveness of the division a5 a protection agency.
The cats were announced by the director of the department, Mr R. B. Smyth, m souce to all salf oo Thursday.
He said the Government task force committee (the Stevens com- mittee) recently had imposed a staff limit of 495 for the department.
As far as be could learn, all
these cnts would be made. The en- vironment protection division and the research and services division would be the man areas affected
Both would be subject to review with their functions and workloads being rationalised.
The rewrew was likcly to lead to e spill of most, of mot all, of the positions in those two divisions.
As far as possible the staff re- @uction would be achieved by natural wastage and adjustment to the structures of the divisons
Bat not all the reduction could be achieved by thi means and gaff occupying surplus positions
would be redeployed througn we processes set up by the Public Ser- vce Board.
The senior vice-president of the National Trust. Mr Clive Lucas, said the proposed chamres a the division Was an outrageous deci- 2
“If the Minister, Mr Bedford, has aporoved of this he is not @cting on good advice. The Wraa Government has so far been seen by many «as an enlightened Governamem on conservation.”
The deputy director of the Total Environment Centre. Mr Jeff Angel, sad: “We object to any dmminution of staff and resources whrrh could lead to a reduction in env ‘onment impact assessment, and publx review of pocennialty damaging proyects.
“The environment protection di- veion has been one of the most effective protection agencies in the
Peter Prineas, said he was “mast concerned by this proposal.”
“The environment protection di- vision was not earmarked for cost cutting by the task force com- mittee, yet the director has taken a upon hanself to extend the exercie to a vital area af Government administrauon
Mr Sowth sad yesterday the functions and effecurveness of the divimon would not be reduced by the rationalisation. All areas im the department would have prorata stafl reductions.
AUSTRALIA
CSso:
59000 /7561
He said the environment pro tecDon division was one of the big- gest divimons wo the department, and assessment work was “rather
The division also services the Hert Council and the NSW Council.
rN
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO RETAIN CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION STATION
Canberra THE AUSTRALIAN in English
[Article by Jane Ford]
[Text ]
THE Federal Government will disregard a Razor Gang recommendation affecting Australia’s international sci- entific standing — a plan to contract out the work of an important air pollution rnonitoring station.
This follows months of lob- bying by scientists as well as strong criticism from a Senate inquiry. All maintained it was inappropriate for the work of the station, at Cape Grim, Tasmania, to be handed over to private enterprise.
Now only basic operating work will be contracted out, leaving research and develop- ment, or about 70 per cent of the station's work, in the hands of the CSIRO and the Department of Science and Technology.
The $1 million station, officially opened in December, is part of a global network of stations monitoring air poilu- tion, set up with the support of the United States.
The aim is to keep a long- term watch on rising levels of pollutants such as fluorocarb- uns, carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen and sulphur
At present there are five Stations — at the South Pole. Samoa. Hawaii. Alaska and Cape Gnm — all controlled by government agencies.
Two more are being devel- oped in Japan and Ascension Island and three others are planned in the US, Canada and West Germany. These will also be under government control.
Opposition Scientists from the CSTRO's
CSO: 5000/7561
19 Jul 82 p 2
Division of Atmospheric Phys- ics. who have been closely in- volved in the development of the Cape Grim station, were concerned that if it passed to private enterprise the exten- sive monitoring would be Gowngraded to check only carbon dioxide, the research work dropped and the facility turned into a mere Gata gath- ering point.
Expressions of interest in operating the station were cal- led for at the end of last year. However, the Government agreed to reverse the decision after pressure from the CSIRO, the Department of Science and Technology.
ment.
The Senate committee's in- quiry revealed that no money would be saved by the move. there were no technical advantages and the number of departmental staff would be cut by only four.
Last financial year the oper- ational cost of the station was
ernment will have to pay the contractor enough to allow for some profit.
Dr Graeme Pearman. of the CSIRO, said he believed the
continue at Cape Grim.
The station had already shown significant results, in- cluding evidence that the levels of methane and methy! cloroform, an industrial clean- ing agent, were rising.
AUSTRALIA
WA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY PROGRAM COSTS MILLIONS
Growth of New Industry
Perth THE WEST AUSTRALIAN in English 12 Jul 82 p 23
[Article by Janet Wainwright]
(Text ]
INCREASING €@nviron-- mental awareness tk. WA has wned a major growth indus worth millions of
lars.
En vironmental review and management pro grammes for relatively small subdivisions to major developments, each costing hundreds of thousands of dol- lars, are being com- plied by town planners.
There seems to be an obvious need to streamline the system, which is costly and fre
quently duplicates in, formation.
The acting Minister for Conservation and the Environment Mr Masters, says that it is still a relatively new. area but -the rt.
and the Environment is collating informa. and putting this
into a computer sys tem.
He said he belleved that the proliferation of consultants would also sort itself out as the “fly-dy-nights” in the new Industry dropped out.
He could see no alter. native to the develo
ers appointing their own contultants and Producing their own reports, though these could be suspect.
The . department did
&
not hav¢é the resources to do the environmenr- tal planning studies and he could mot envis- age a system where the Government § ap- pointed consultants and charged the devel- One consultant com
ny alone, Scott and urphy, has grown from one person to a staff of 3 in.12 years. ,
In common with other consultants, a also draw from a of specialists in other scientific aeas.
the impact of mining
and industry on WA's environment, it is now quite common for de.
velopers to be called on to do environmental studies.
The ultimate cost of these studies, whether they be for housing, roads or rubbish sites, is’ borne by the public, either through in- creased land costs or rates and taxes.
Many of the reports are treated with suspi- cion by the conserva. tionists they se in- tended to placate be cause they are paid for by the developers.
Preferuble
Both the Department of Conservation and the Environment and the consulMants agree
AUSTRALIA
Perth THE WEST AUSTRALIAN in English 12 Jul 82
[Text }
CSO:
that the system is far from perfect, but say that it ts the best avail able and is preferable to the planning that existed befare environ. Mental awareness.
Thi: environmental process is so powerful that kh cuts across al! town planning laws.
The Mandurah area is a prime example of du plication.
recently for three different canal projects, two in Man- Qurah and another in the neighbouring shire of Murray.
A study for the Par. rvs Esnlanede Halis Head proposal is esti- mated to have cost $300,000 so far. with no guarantee that the land will even be re zoned.
The principal consul. tants are Feilman Planning Consultants, who are also the pro
Maine, of the Univer. sity of WA, with Pro fessor Des O'Connor,
5000 / 7560
Power of
EPA
ject planners
Reports for the John Holland project, on the opposite side of the coast road to the Par- rys development, and 4 further report for a canal development at Yunderup were both made by Russel] Tay- lor and William Bur- rell
These reports are es- timated to have cost $200,000 each.
Pooled
Mr Burrell says that if information had been pooled when en- vironmenta] studies first began there would now be a consid- erable amount of infor- mation to draw on.
The department has a list of 2 consultants which it will give to a developer.
The consultants are those willing to go on to a list or who have done studies for the de- partment.
mendations of a re and virtually re lien on a gentiemans agreement with the develcper or a vigh lant local authority.
STATE PAYS GROWERS FOR DESTROYING APPLE TREES
Perth
Artic!
[Text }
THE WEST AUSTRALIAN in English 17 Jul 82 p 7?
.e
b v
Michael Zekxulich]
MORE than 63.559 ap trees have been
The fruit rs were paid $416419 the Commonwealt and State Govern ments to pull out the trees
About #09 more tes are expected to come out— with a £20000 payout-— this financial year Some of the tres are old, but many are in prime producing condi tion The pulling out of the trees is part of an in- adustry rationalising scheme aimed at cut ting back profuction to vce experts to un econormc markets— like Britain and Eur ope. Se far, @ growers have pulled out trees which represent about ©. per cent of the State's orchard. The oreduction§ in volved would be more than 2WA000 boxes of appes. Some frultgrowers have received as much as 3.00 with pe ments varying trom
ee Oe — ! trees were in the Manjimup, Donnybrook and Bridgetown areas
and
a. oe at first,”
; © ho Dell Agostino . 7 -
He said some good or chards were now being pulled out.
“The onl markets t were economic last season were in South East Asian.
“I believe we have seen the end of the tra ditional European area
exports
for WA apples.” The Minister for Pri Industry, Mr
AUSTRALIA
DU PONT AMMONIUM NITRATE PLANT MEETS RESISTANCE
Brisbane THE COURIER-MAIL in English 13 Jul 82 p 23
[Article by Ian Bushnell]
[Excerpts]
~ Du Pont or not Du Pont — that is the ques- tion for Toowoomba.
= Last Dece suber, Toowoomba was ehosen by Du Pont (Australia) Ltd —,a part of the giant US based Du Pont Corporation — as the site of a $@ million ammonium nitrate plant which would supply industrial! explo- sives to the central Queensland coal-
- "When the company applied to the City Council to have its 33 ha site in the-city’s expanding r orth-west sub- urts rezoned from rural to 10xious madustry, only six objections were lodged.
~ It was a slow fuse.
-Jeowoomba these days is covered ip-ati-Du Pont graffiti, motor v-hi- ctes bumper stickers declaring “Don't Du Pont Toowoomba,” and the daily news columns are ful) of cdgims and counter-ciaims about the
salety of the proposed plant in what
hes. become a classic debate of the
epvigonment versus progress. -Cantral to this debate has been the wert of the Citizens for Clean Air organisation which has proved itself t6+de a highly efficient and well fetided campaigner against Du Pont. ~ Dw Pont says no more than it has ta, preferring to maintain re-assur- line, emphasising its “proud” record and the benefits it will bring to the 70,000 strong communi- ty, while it and the City Council await the findings of the envirou- meatal] impact study. to Du Pont project co- ordinator Albert E. Dunklee, the plant will employ 90 people, pay an aanua) wages bill of $2 million and
spend $1 million a year on goods and services.
The plant would begin production in 1985 and manufacture 200 tonnes of ammonium nitrate a day to truck west through Dalby to central Queensland.
The ammonium nitrate prills or granules would need further treat- ment there before being explosive.
In May, ICI Australie Ltd and Consolidated Fertilizers Ltd an- nounced plans to build a $100 mil- lion explosives plant at Gibson Is- land in Brisbane to meet the demand in eastern Australia to 1990 and be- yond.
Toowoomba meets all the require- ments for such a plant.
It has natural the raw materi- al of the manufacturing process, from the Roma-Brisbane pipeline
which is in the immediate vicinity of the site, an adequate water and pow- er supply, a road and rail network, a well developed infrastructure and proximity to the market place.
However, it is the location of the Du Pont site which worries Toowoomba residents and environ- mentalists.
In a letter to the Toowoomba Tourism and Development board, Du Pont project manager R.E. Brakewell listed what gaseous emis- sions there would be from the plant — water vapour, hydrogea, carbon dioxide, and small quantities of ni- trogen oxides, as well as a small amount of fallout dust from the prill- ing tower.
The site, although adjacent to a tannery and the Wetalla sewage works, is only six kilometres from
AUSTRALIA
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the city centre and close to new resi- dential areas and Baillie Henderson Hospital.
The Citizens for Ciean Air fear that gas emissions, some of them they claim to be cancer causing, and dust fallout will foul Toowoomba's air and turn the Garden City — it holds a Carnival of Flowers every year — into the “Noxious City.”
Spokesman Arne Pedersen says 70 to 80 percent of all Toowoomba residents would be living within a ra- dius of the plant's chimneys.
Du Pont has promised to comply with all the requirements of the Clean Air Act but, according to the Citizens for Clean Air, it offers no
CCA president Don Graham told a City Council meeting that in the 19 years since the Act was passed there had been only four prosecutions and a total of only $200 in fines imposed after appeals.
The Du Pont issuc cuts across par- ty political lines.
One Liberal Party branch, after lengthy debate, sent a protest motion agzinst any re-zoning of land close to residential area; for noxious indus-
5000/7560
try to the City Council, the Premier, Deputy Premier and the Local Gov- ernment Minister.
The local National Party has — that the plant not be allowed in proposed area inside the cit boundaries. .
ALP candidate for Toowoomba North, Alderman Peter Wood, like all Council members, is officially waiting to see the EIS before passing judgement, but it would be electorai
The site is also in a mountain val- ley which runs through the middle of the city and is prone to fogs.
_Mr Graham says fog, mixed with
The CCA critised the environ- mental impact study guidelines pre- pared by the Department of Com- mercial and Industrial Development for omitting reference to fog, the risk of explosion and the hazards posed to human health.
At a cost of $3000, it has ordered its own EIS to be carried out by the School of Environmental! Studies at Griffith University.
It should be ready by the end of the month.
NSW ANTIPOLLUTION LAWS RAISE OIL COMPANY
Canberra
[Text ]
THE
USTRALIAN in English 5 Jul
OIL companies claim that new clean-air laws in NSW will cost the industry up to $20 mullion in increased operating expemses and could have 4 substantial effect on the its future in the State.
NSW refiners have been fighting the State Govern- ment over the low petra@>pric- ing leveis and strict regulatory standards imposed on che industry.
One of the main operators in NSW, Total, reveaied this year that it lost money on petrol i% sold in the State.
The company's expansion plans Jor NSW have been shelved indefinitely, while Ca!- tex has protested against the Government's pricing policies and Ampoi has described the dehavior of the NSW Govern-
ment as “outrageous inter- ference with the democratic process”.
The cost of compliance with the new regulations. which are expected to reduce the hvydro- carbon fumes that form 7 to 8 per cent of the air pollution above Sydney, has been caicu- lated at between $18 and $20 milion.
The
increase in operaiung
costs is expected to be passed to the public in the price of petroieum products
The laws, to be introduced over the next three years. re- Guire petrol storage and hand- ling
facilities within three
OBJECTIONS 82 p 2
——
zones covering Sydney, New- castle and Wollongong to be modified to prevent vapor ieaking into the atmosphere
Similar laws are now being considered for Victoria.
The NSW regulations call for all new road tanker filling terminalis and main storage tanks to be fitted with vapor emission control equipment. and for existing storage tanks to be fitted with similar facil- ities by 1984.
Smaller storage tanks in Sydney will also be covered by the new laws from 1985 on- wards, while emission control systems will be required at all main Stages in the transport- ation of fuel from refineries to individual service stations.
The requirement that all ser- vice stations should have new petrol pump nozzles with an automatic cut-off valve — or face a penaity of up to $5000 — is likely to raise an outcry among service station owners.
Many of the oi companies have already begun the switch-over to the new Stan- dards. with Caitex embarking on @ $3 million conversion pro- gram.
The most sophisticated vapor recovery system yet ins- talled, at a cost of $300.000. isa unit at the Silverwater ter- minal in Sydnev's western suburbs that prevents ail leak- age of fumes.
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
BRIEFS
ENVIRONMENTAL WATCHDOG GROUP--Queensland lawyers have formed a new environmental watchdog group, the Queensland Environmental Law Association. It is the third such association of lawyers to be formed in Australia in the last three years. The other groups are in New South Wales and Victoria. Chairman of the Queens- land group, which has formed a committee to draw up a constitution and articles of association, is Brisbane solicitor Mr Stephen Keim. The Queensland Conserva- tion Council chairman, Mr Jason Reynolds, of Brisbane, said yesterday that the new association would assist conservation groups to protect areas of Queensland, such as Moreton and Fraser Islands. (Brisbane THE COURIER-MAIL in English 7 Jul 82 p 12]
ALP DAM POSITION--Conservationist groups yesterday praised the Labor confer- ence's decision to oppose the flooding of the Franklin River in south-west Tasmania. Against the strong opposition of its Tasmanian delegates, the con- ference voted to oppose the construction of any dam on the Franklin or Gordon rivers. The result was described as magnificent by the director of the Tasman- ian Wilderness Society, Dr Bob Brown. it was a challenge to the Fraser Govern- ment to intervene in Tasmauia to stop bulldozers being sent into the wilderness this spring, he said. The Australian Conservation Foundation said it was heart- ening that a political party accepted the need for the Federal Government to save an area of world heritage importance which was listed on the National Estate Register. The successful motion, moved by the Opposition Leader, in the Senate, Senator Button, also committed a Labor Government to help the Tasmanian Government expand its tourist potential. Tasmania would also be helped to find ways to diversify its electricity generation. Senator Button's predecessor as Senate Labor Leader, Mr Ken Wriedt, failed in his attempt to have the conference approve the dam scheme. Mr Wriedt, now Leader of the Opposition in the Tasmani- an Parliament, urged the conference to recognise that Tasmanians had approved the scheme in a referendum. Labor's spokesman on the environment, Mr West, failed by one vote to have the conference support a public inquiry into the scheme. [Melbourne THE AGE in English 9 Jul 82 p 17]
10
VOLCANIC ASH DISPERSAL--ANOTHER cloud of volcanic ash is dispersing off the sorth-west coast of WA after an eruption of Mount Galunggung, south of Jakarta, on Thursday night. The Bureau of Metrorology said that the eruption at about 8pm was followed by a smaller one at about midnight. The volcanic activity
was shown on satellite photographs. The ash cloud from an earlier eruption that disabled a Singapore Airlines jumbo jet could not longer be seen on the photographs a bureau spokesman said. Staff were puzzled about the origin of the present cloud, which appeared to come from a point a few kilometres east
of Mount Galunggung. "We are not too sure, but it could be a different volcano --or maybe it has a double crater," the spokesman said. The regional director of the Aviation Department, Mr E Keil, said that aircraft were being diverted around the ash clouds. “We think we have the matter under control,” he said. The bureau would continue to monitor the clouds and advise the department of their position and density. [Text] [Perth THE WEST AUSTRALIAN in English
17 Jul 82 p 7]
EPA SHIFT IN VICTORIA--Control of the Environment Protection Authority may
be transferred from the Ministry of Conservation to the Department of Planning. Dr Gerard Vaughan, a member of the Caucus Conservation Committee, said yester- day the move was one of the options being considered by the Ministry of Con- servation review team. Speaking a a meeting of the Clean Air Society, Dr Vaughan said the review team had queried whether the EPA rightly belonged with a Ministry whose main function was "the control of Crown lands." He said the Department of Planning seemed more appropriate, given the EPA's responsibility tor environmental management and planning. The Minister for Conservation and Planning, Evan Walker, was unavailable for comment, but his senior adviser,
Dr Michael Henry, denied there were definite plans to shift control of the
EPA to the Department of Planning. "We are simply looking at a general review of the Ministry," he said. [Melbourne THE AGE in Eng!ish 14 Jul 82 p 22] REFORESTATION PROGRAM--MORE than 11,000 trees wil be planted on $*’ate Energy Commission properties in the next year. About 10,000 of the trees will be plavted on a former grazing property near Collie, one of three properties ac- qui ed by the SEC as part of a reforestation prcegramme in the Wellington Dam cat. hment area. About /0,000 trees have been planted on the properties to help stabilise soil and reduce the salinity of run-off water into the dam. Other major plantings proposed by the SEC include 500 trees and shrubs at the Muja power station, 350 trees at Kwinana power station and 100 trees at the Bunbury station. |Perth THE WEST AUSTRALIAN in English 15 Jul 82 p 14]
CSO: 5000/7560
11
CUBA
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOBSTER HARVEST SINCE 1978 NOTED Havana MAR Y PESCA in Spanish Apr 82 p 25
[Text] Lobster is harvested in Cuba on the four large insular shelfs which surround the island. The importance of each of these is shown in the map be- low. Most of the lobster production is located to the south (almest 80 percent), especially in Batabano Gulf.
Ihe development of the lobster harvest from 1959 to 1980, which has varied, is shown in the graph. Since 1965, when over 9,000 metric tons per year were caught, the harvest of this specie has fluctuated often, with sudden drops every third or fourth year and showing levels of less than 8,800 metric tons
in 1967, 1970, 1973 and 1977, and especially following years with high harvests, as in 1969 and 1976.
Beginning in 1978 this situation has changed completely and the harvests have been kept at stable levels and above 10,000 metric tons per year. This of course was determined from the application of a fishing administration policy, particularly with regard to a more strict compliance with the minimum legal size and an increase in the closed season as well as the complete watch over this period. All of this has contributed in making the yearly weight increase of the harvestable population be estimated at around 700 metric tons.
[Photos on following page |
12
lemportan srelatwa fen por ental de las Adtereont j mnpresas langostrras (‘datos de 1976 1980)
ss a Cc | — ao ee ee ee = 7 . ~ » . 7 . |
~ /\ /\
j } / | | | }
‘ Comportanvento de las capturas de langosta en «i periodo 1959-1980
Captions:
|. Map--Relative importance (percent) of the various zones and lobster enter- prises. (information from 1976-1980)
»
Graph--Behavior of the lobster harvest over the 1959-1980 period. T™ = metric tons Media = average Especiec = specie
CSO: 3010/2244
13
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
BRIEFS
AFFORESTATION PROJECT PROGRESSING--ABU DHABI (EN)--The country's largest af- forestation project is well underway with 5,500 hectares planted including forests and grass farms, said Mohammed Rida Soorouri, head of the municipali- ty's agriculture section. This, the Balnona project, was started in 1961 and will encompass some 23,000 hectares when finished. The project's grass farms which were featured in a television program here this week, produce needed
hay for animal fodder, while conserving the soil. Another large project the section is involved with, is planting forests and grasslands in and around
the new airport. In the airport's runway area alone, 48 hectares of grass
are being planted. This area, like many others in the city, is fed dy auto- matic computerised sprinklers. Research is also being carried out by the sec- tion, said Soorouri. Finding suitable varieties of fruits and vegetables in- cluding oranges, bananas and coconuts for area farms is the aim of the present research. Last year, mini-farms of one and a half of two hectares each were distrbitued to local farmers in Beda Zayed, Zatra, Sela and Al Khatam. Each of these includes palm trees and irrigation facilities at present. The next phase in the scheme is to plant and cultivate vegetables between the trees
for maximum utilisation of water and land. [Text] [Abu Dhabi EMIRATES NEWS
in English 4 Aug 82 p 3]
CSO: 5000/4716
14
SHASHE DAM TO SUPPLY WATER TO FRANCISTOWN
Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 15 Jul 82 p 1
[Article by Solomon Lotshe]
[Text ]
CS:
WATER FROM the Shashe Dam may start flowing to Francrstown next month to assure the people of the town of a constant water supply A ew water supply system from the dam is expectec to be complete in August
The new system includes 2 water pipeline from the dam to Francistown and a big new reservoir burlt on one of the wills nthe town The water supply system of the town has also been rehabilitated
The news were told to the Francistown residents by the Minister of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs. Or Gaositwe Chiepe this week She was addressing ‘meetings in the town at Tati-Siding and Matsiloje recently
She told the people that the government took over water supply trom the town council because it was running al a loss very inadequate and unreliable
Dr Crepe explained that her Ministry tookover water supply through the Water Utilitres Corporation
The Minister also pornted out
5000 / 5800
that the water tariffs on the town were raised because a tot of rehabilitation on the water supply system was necessary
The cap tal cost was very high and the government had to borrow money from the World Bank to finance the project, Or Crepe said
She explanned that people were paying more for water in Francistown than in Gaborone because peopte in Gaborone were near to thew water source in Francistown people pey 60 thebe per kilo-litre and in Gaborone 46 thebe per kilo-litre
According to the Minister, the rehabilitation, water pipeline from Shashe Dam and new water works capital expenditure was very twgh
Dr Crepe said that government had Dull water supply in Francistown to a capacity of 12 000 kilo-ltres while the current demand was 4 000 kilo-litres
She explained that the capacity of the rehabilitated and reinforced supply was 12 000 kilo-litres to meet with the demand of the future develop ment programmes of the town
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he railway headquarters abatiow. indusines and many others that might come to the town
Dr Crepe pointed out that the government did not want to limit the water supply to the present Gemand of 4 000 kilo litres and then im two years time raise another loan
She added that unless some- thing went wrong the 12 000 kilo wires would carry the people to 1995 but before that there must be work on the future require- ments beyond 1995
The Minister also briefed the people on the future development of Francistown. She said that the development consists of two big projects - the abattoir and the railway headquarters which she $a:d would bring some change mn the town
Dr Chiepe also hoped that in the near future the government might at long last do something about the Sua Pan project. She said the development of the project, though not in Francistown, would have an impact inthe development of the town
DROUGHT RELIEF PROJECTS APPROVED
Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 15 Jul 82 p 2
[Article by Tarcisius Modongo]
[Text ]
CSO:
5000 / 5800
THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT Development Committee has approved Labour intensive drought relief projects submitted to it by the Drought Retief committee of the Southern District A total of P20 000 has been set aside for the drougnt relief projects Accorfing to the Kanye-based Development Officer, Mr PG Tumedi, the Village Development Committee had in turn submitted proposals for the projects to the interministerial committee
Both the drought relief committee and the Village Development Committee have identified thew projects which vary trom dam construction to road Durlding
In Kanye, there are plans to move the air strip from its present place because it is a hazard to villagers since the village has grown on all sides
Two sites have already been identified for the new a “irip and the VOC is now awaiiing approval from the Department of Civ Aviation
Another project to be undertaken in Kanye is the fencing of the Kanye dam
At Kutuku, @ remote area settlement between Mabutsane and Khakhea in Western Ngwaketse, the remote area Gweliers are clearing and debushing an arable plot to be used communally
This project will help two ways. by aiding the villagers towards diversification and also serve as a temporary source of income in this drought which has resulted
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in the scarcity of wild fruits and the migration of wild animals
Mr Tumedi mentioned that although western Ngwaketse is generally regarded as arably Suitable the probability of narzards although minimal were about the same at Kutuku as in other places in the area whose residents have been practising arable farming
In other areas residents of Molopo have decided to clear the veld for the Phitshane- Molopo-Mabule road and at Leporung in the same area the cammunity has proposed to dig and buildadan The dam willbe of a great importance to livestock The source of water has been Molopo river but due to the construction of Disaneng Dam in South Africa it has become unreliable because the fiow is no longer perrenial
At Tshidilamolomo a vegetable garden has started while Mabule residents are planning to erect a shelter at the kgotia, build « kitchen and a cre. :e in the village
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BOTSWANA
BRIEFS
DITLHARAPENG WATER SHORTAGE--A SERIOUS water shortage has aborted plans to build a community centre at Ditlharapeng village in the Southern District. Other development projects have also been halted. The Headteacher of the area's Tawana Primary School, Mr Mmolawa, told BOPA that the drilling machine had broken down and the owner had returned to South Africa after making very little progress. He said, it as doubtful that he would ever come back but
the local Village Development Committee had paid P500 as deposit. However
Mr Mmolawa said there was hope that help would come from the USA. Already
he said, the American Embassy in Gaborone had donated a water engine and the new borehole equipment. The Headteacher also said the American Emoassy had contributed to the construction of a health centre at Ditlharapeng. The South- ern District Council had planned to erect a reservoir at the cost of P4 000. When BOPA reporters visited Ditlharapeng recently, about 2 000 residents were drawing and drinking water from the small drying dam. Domestic animals were also sharing the water. Mr Mmolawa also spoke about the feeding scheme at Tawana, where the store-rooms were stacked with bags of sorghum. But the ser- ious water shortage in the village was causing problems. He also said parents had been prepared to pound the sorghum for the school children as was requested by the government. [Text] [Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 4 Aug 82 p 2]
MAKALENG HIT BY THIRST--A WATER problem has hit Makaleng residents in the North East District, following the drying up of a water well point in the Shashe River which is the main source of water. They drying up of the wel in the river is due to lack of rainfall this year. Makaleng people are reported to
be almost a month without water. The North East District Council is in the meantime providing residents with water through water-bowzers three to four times a day. The water is being drawn from a borehole at Botalaote village about 12 kilometres away. Each family is rationed to two buckets per day.
The clinic and the school are supplied with 2000 gallons each per day. The